新能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)概(gai)念比較寬泛，是(shi)指用非常(chang)規能(neng)源(yuan)，或是(shi)用常(chang)規能(neng)源(yuan)，但用的(de)是(shi)新型動力裝(zhuang)置將能(neng)量轉化，驅動汽(qi)車(che)行(xing)駛的(de)汽(qi)車(che)。新能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)通常(chang)較為(wei)環保節能(neng)，益于可持(chi)續發展(zhan)。

從能(neng)(neng)量(liang)來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)來(lai)(lai)看，傳統(tong)燃油汽(qi)車(che)用的(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)是汽(qi)油、柴油。新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)來(lai)(lai)源(yuan)有(you)的(de)是電(dian)(dian)網的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，有(you)的(de)是部分新(xin)型燃料，例如天然氣以及乙(yi)醇(chun)汽(qi)油，還有(you)甲醇(chun)和二(er)甲醚，氫氣、生物(wu)燃料等。假如是電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)，那么(me)其(qi)車(che)輛設計和傳統(tong)的(de)燃油汽(qi)車(che)有(you)明顯差別(bie)。假如繼續使用燃料，那么(me)汽(qi)車(che)發動(dong)機(ji)需要做一定(ding)的(de)修改。從能(neng)(neng)量(liang)轉化(hua)角度來(lai)(lai)看，新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)分為電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)以及燃料電(dian)(dian)池汽(qi)車(che)，還有(you)混合動(dong)力汽(qi)車(che)三(san)個類(lei)別(bie)。

第一個，電動汽車。

假如(ru)外界給其輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，儲存在(zai)(zai)(zai)化學電(dian)(dian)(dian)池里面(mian)，那(nei)么整個類別屬于化學電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車。電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車效率很高，通常超過(guo)85%。現在(zai)(zai)(zai)，還有在(zai)(zai)(zai)數十年的時(shi)間里，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車通常只會搭載鋰離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，因為鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池有著(zhu)不少優點。例如(ru)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)密度(du)大，充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)倍率高，循環壽(shou)命長，高低溫性(xing)(xing)能(neng)較為穩定等。現在(zai)(zai)(zai)能(neng)夠期待的替(ti)換方案是固態電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，用固態電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質代替(ti)傳(chuan)統鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池里面(mian)的液態電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)質，為了提升安全性(xing)(xing)和能(neng)量(liang)(liang)密度(du)。

第二個，燃料電池汽(qi)車。

假如燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)在汽(qi)車(che)(che)里面直接(jie)轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，這種(zhong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)就是(shi)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池汽(qi)車(che)(che)。燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池和化(hua)(hua)學電(dian)(dian)池相比，效率不(bu)高(gao)，大約(yue)在四成(cheng)(cheng)到六成(cheng)(cheng)，但是(shi)比通常(chang)的汽(qi)車(che)(che)發(fa)動機高(gao)。燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池汽(qi)車(che)(che)在加州已經進行(xing)了小范(fan)圍試點，在我國一(yi)些城市(shi)的大巴車(che)(che)上也有其試點。現在能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)被車(che)(che)載(zai)使用的燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池都是(shi)氫(qing)氣(qi)作為(wei)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源。氫(qing)氣(qi)比較難儲存(cun)，很難被液化(hua)(hua)，所以(yi)儲氫(qing)容器不(bu)輕。氫(qing)氣(qi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠(gou)通過電(dian)(dian)解水取得，所以(yi)，氫(qing)氣(qi)也被視為(wei)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的載(zai)體。發(fa)電(dian)(dian)站的電(dian)(dian)，轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)為(wei)氫(qing)氣(qi)的化(hua)(hua)學能(neng)(neng)(neng)，輸送給燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)(dian)池汽(qi)車(che)(che)，再轉(zhuan)化(hua)(hua)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。

第(di)三個(ge)，混合(he)動力汽車。

混(hun)(hun)合(he)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)汽車指(zhi)的(de)(de)是(shi)搭(da)載了任意兩類(lei)能(neng)源的(de)(de)汽車。通常混(hun)(hun)合(he)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)汽車是(shi)指(zhi)油電(dian)混(hun)(hun)合(he)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)汽車。汽車發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)及(ji)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)通過(guo)部分方(fang)式(shi)共同(tong)運作，提(ti)供驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)。有電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)配合(he)，汽車發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)夠始終處(chu)于高(gao)效(xiao)率區，能(neng)夠達到四成甚至超(chao)過(guo)五成的(de)(de)熱效(xiao)率。混(hun)(hun)合(he)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)汽車現在有兩種主(zhu)流(liu)解決方(fang)式(shi)，一(yi)類(lei)是(shi)混(hun)(hun)聯(lian)式(shi)混(hun)(hun)合(he)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)汽車，代(dai)表車型是(shi)豐田(tian)普銳(rui)斯(si)。普銳(rui)斯(si)里(li)面的(de)(de)汽車內燃(ran)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)及(ji)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)通過(guo)一(yi)組行星齒(chi)輪連(lian)接(jie)在一(yi)起，汽車內燃(ran)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)及(ji)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)同(tong)時驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪胎，內燃(ran)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也能(neng)夠處(chu)于最(zui)佳工況。混(hun)(hun)聯(lian)式(shi)混(hun)(hun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車效(xiao)率不低，但(dan)是(shi)結構不簡單(dan)，成本(ben)較高(gao)。

另(ling)一(yi)類(lei)是串聯式(shi)混合動(dong)力(li)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)，或是增程式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)，代表車(che)型(xing)(xing)是雪佛蘭沃藍(lan)達。這種車(che)型(xing)(xing)，汽(qi)(qi)車(che)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)不直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)驅(qu)動(dong)車(che)輪運(yun)作(zuo)，汽(qi)(qi)車(che)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)連接(jie)(jie)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，發(fa)出的電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)驅(qu)動(dong)車(che)輪運(yun)轉(zhuan)。這種車(che)型(xing)(xing)結構不復(fu)雜(za)，但是由于(yu)能(neng)(neng)量需要汽(qi)(qi)車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)轉(zhuan)換(huan)，效(xiao)率(lv)不高。

上篇：

下篇：